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Paixhans guns : ウィキペディア英語版
Paixhans gun


The Paixhans gun (French: ''Canon Paixhans'') was the first naval gun designed to fire explosive shells. It was developed by the French general Henri-Joseph Paixhans in 1822-1823.
==Background==
Explosive shells had long been in use in ground warfare (in howitzers and mortars), but they were only fired at high angles and with relatively low velocities. Shells are inherently dangerous to handle, and no method had been found to combine the explosive character of the shells with the high power and flatter trajectory of a high velocity gun.
However, before the advent of radar and modern optical controlled firing, high trajectories were not practical for marine combat. Naval combat essentially required flat-trajectory guns in order to have some decent odds of hitting the target. Therefore naval warfare had consisted for centuries of encounters between flat-trajectory cannons using inert cannonballs, which could inflict only local damage even on wooden hulls.〔(''Of arms and men'' Robert L. O'Connell p.193 )〕

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